Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is the most common acute leukemia in adults.1 The Nucleophosmin (NPM1) mutation is one of the most common genetic abnormalities in AML, accounting for about 30% of cases.2,3
Established international organizations recommend periodic molecular assessment by quantitative PCR for monitoring NPM1 mutations in AML patients.4-6
No international scale is established for the quantification of the NPM1 mutant transcript for AML monitoring posing a challenge for quantitative monitoring.
1 Bocchia M, Carella AM, Mulè A, Rizzo L, Turrini M, Abbenante MC, Cairoli R, Calafiore V, Defina M, Gardellini A, Luzi G, Patti C, Pinazzi MB, Riva M, Rossi G, Sammartano V,
Rigacci L. Therapeutic Management of Patients with FLT3 + Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Case Reports and Focus on Gilteritinib Monotherapy. Pharmgenomics Pers Med. 2022 Apr
22;15:393-407. doi: 10.2147/PGPM.S346688. PMID: 35496349; PMCID: PMC9041600.
2 Falini, B., Sciabolacci, S., Falini, L. et al. Diagnostic and therapeutic pitfalls in NPM1-mutated AML: notes from the field. Leukemia 35, 3113–3126 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/
s41375-021-01222-4. NCCN. Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology; Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (Access Version 2.2024, December 2023).
3 Kunchala P, Kuravi S, Jensen R, McGuirk J, Balusu R. When the good go bad: Mutant NPM1 in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Rev. 2018; 32(3): 167-183. doi:10.1016/j.blre.2017.11.001.
4 Heuser M, Ofran Y, Boissel N, Brunet Mauri S, Craddock C, Janssen J, Wierzbowska A, Buske C. Acute myeloid leukemia in adult patients: ESMO Clinical Oractice Guidelines for
diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Annals of Oncology, Special Article, Vol. 31, Issue 6, June 2020, Pages 697-712. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annonc.2020.02.018.
5 National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN Guidelines for Patients – Acute Myeloid Leukemia, 2022. https://www.nccn.org/patients/guidelines/content/PDF/aml-patient.pdf.
Accessed on January 11, 2023.
6 Döhner H, Wei AH, Appelbaum FR, Craddock C, DiNardo CD, Dombret H, Ebert BL, Fenaux P, Godley LA, Hasserjian RP, Larson RA, Levine RL, Miyazaki Y, Niederwieser D,
Ossenkoppele G, Röllig C, Sierra J, Stein EM, Tallman MS, Tien HF, Wang J, Wierzbowska A, Löwenberg B. Diagnosis and management of AML in adults: 2022 recommendations
from an international expert panel on behalf of the ELN. Blood. 2022 Sep 22;140(12):1345-1377. doi: 10.1182/blood.2022016867. PMID: 35797463.
7 Xpert NPM1 Mutation Instructions for Use
8 Liu Y, Kao M, Saatian B, Kayhan S, Zhao Y, Aslam A, Shridhar K, Yuan L. PB1775: DEVELOPMENT OF ASSAY CALIBRATION MEHTHODOLOGY FOR CEPHEID XPERT® NPM1
MUTATION PROTOTYPE ASSAY. Hemasphere. 2022 Jun 23;6(Suppl ):1655-1656. doi: 10.1097/01.HS9.0000849952.50330.40. PMCID: PMC9429332.