Early Screening Helps Humanitas Stay Ahead of Drug Resistant Threats

Catching Resistance Before It Spreads: How Early Screening Is Helping Humanitas Stay Ahead of MDROs

In the microbiology labs of IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Prof. Valeria Cento has spent years watching a quiet threat grow louder. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), once a distant concern, now arrives daily through emergency department doors, preoperative clinics and intensive care units. No country remains untouched; a reality clearly reflected in the hospital’s data¹.

At Humanitas, the numbers tell a story seen across Europe: bloodstream infections and pneumonias increasingly driven by formidable pathogens such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, E. coli, Pseudomonas spp., and MRSA. These organisms have not only adapted but acquired extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), AmpC enzymes, and carbapenemases, placing several of these organisms on the WHO list of critical and high‑priority threats¹. For clinicians, every missed carrier represents a missed opportunity to prevent the next infection cluster and, in some cases, a preventable adverse outcome.

A New Playbook for Prevention

Faced with rising multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs), Prof. Cento and her colleagues recognized that traditional detection strategies were no longer sufficient. Culture-based methods required days, while transmission could occur within hours. Vulnerable patients, particularly those over 80 years of age, those undergoing complex surgical procedures, or those with compromised immune systems, had no margin for delay¹.

In response, Humanitas redesigned its approach to prevention. The hospital introduced rapid molecular screening using Xpert® Carba-R, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test that detects key carbapenemase-producing genes in epidemiologically important organisms, alongside SA Nasal Complete, which identifies Staphylococcus aureus colonization from nasal samples. This strategy transformed how high-risk patients are assessed. Screening now takes place prior to admission, at hospital entry, and weekly during prolonged stays. The focus shifted from reacting to infections to anticipating them¹.

Early identification supported more timely infection‑prevention decisions, including earlier alignment of isolation practices, prevent inappropriate antibiotic use, and limit cross-ward transmission before it could occur.

Speed That Saves Lives

The impact of this shift was immediate and measurable. Rapid molecular screening reduced diagnostic turnaround time by more than 40 hours compared with culture. This acceleration translated into an estimated €4.1 million in freed clinical resources, creating theoretical capacity to treat more than 3.000 additional patients¹.

Beyond operational gains, the clinical implications were even more significant. Internal and unpublished Humanitas data suggest that demonstrated that MRSA and MSSA carriers face higher risks of developing bloodstream infections and pneumonia. At the same time, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) colonization continues to rise sharply among older adults. Identifying these carriers early may help reduce transmission risk across high‑risk units.

Although molecular testing increased direct diagnostic costs by approximately 31%, These expenses were offset by improved resource utilization and reduced time to appropriate infection‑prevention measures¹.

The Road Ahead: Precision Prevention

For Prof. Valeria Cento, early screening represents only the first step. The next phase integrates molecular diagnostics with antimicrobial stewardship programs, ensuring that colonization status directly informs empirical treatment decisions.

At the same time, emerging approaches such as artificial intelligence and multi-omics analysis may soon help predict which patients are most likely to become colonized or infected, even before testing is performed. This evolution marks a shift from reactive defence to proactive anticipation, from damage control to precision prevention.

The strategy is straightforward: identify risks early, intervene promptly, and optimize resources before problems escalate.

Early Action, Better Outcomes

The experience at Humanitas ultimately illustrates the power of proactive care. By identifying carriers early, tailoring treatments faster, reducing unnecessary isolation, and staying ahead of evolving pathogens, healthcare systems can protect both patients and capacity.

Molecular diagnostics are no longer simply improving laboratory workflows. They are enabling earlier action, timely infection‑prevention interventions, and a more resilient response to the growing challenge of drug-resistant infections.